Scientific Views Are Based on Evidence Rather Than an Appeal

question 72

Multiple Choice

Scientific views are based on evidence rather than an appeal to authority. Which of the following statements demonstrates a conclusion based on evidence?

• A) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because a study of branching patterns shows that some of the oldest lineages of Osteichthyes have lungs.
• B) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Darwin wrote that swim bladders evolved before lungs in The Origin of Species.
• C) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because the oldest osteichthyan fossils show lungs arising before swim bladders.
• D) We conclude that lungs evolved before swim bladders because Hox genes direct the evolution of swim bladders but not of lungs.

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Definitions:

Market Research

The process of gathering, analyzing, and interpreting information about a market, including about potential customers, competitors, and the industry as a whole.

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The process of automatically extracting large amounts of data from websites, typically using specialized software or scripts.

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Ethical

Pertaining to or dealing with morals or the principles of morality; adhering to accepted standards of conduct, especially in professional practices.