At One Time, Chondrichthyes Were Thought to Have Split Off

question 19

Multiple Choice

At one time, Chondrichthyes were thought to have split off from other vertebrates before the evolution of bone. Now we have concluded that the Chondrichthyes split off after the evolution of bone had started. This change demonstrates ________.

• A) characteristics can be lost in evolution
• B) evolution is one-way and straight line
• C) hagfishes and lampreys have ancestors with bone
• D) cartilage contributes to keeping sharks light so they do not sink

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Definitions:

Act Utilitarians

Philosophers or ethicists who follow the principle of act utilitarianism, focusing on the consequences of individual actions and choosing those that maximize happiness or reduce suffering for the greatest number.

Principle of Utility

A foundational principle in ethics that suggests actions should be judged as morally right or wrong based on their consequences, specifically aiming to maximize happiness and minimize suffering.

Rightness

The quality of being morally correct, justifiable, or acceptable according to ethical principles.

Principle of Effort

The notion that the outcome of one's endeavors is directly related to the amount of effort put in.