Why Are the Renal Artery and Vein Critical to the Process

question 28

Multiple Choice

Why are the renal artery and vein critical to the process of osmoregulation in vertebrates?

• A) The kidneys require constant and abnormally high oxygen supply to function.
• B) The renal artery delivers blood with nitrogenous waste to the kidney and the renal vein brings blood with less nitrogenous wastes away from the kidneys.
• C) The kidneys require higher than normal levels of hormones.
• D) The renal artery and vein are the main pathways regulating how much is produced by the kidneys.

---

Definitions:

Sympathetic Chain

A part of the autonomic nervous system consisting of a series of nerve fibers that run alongside the spinal column, influencing the body's fight or flight response.

Spinal Nerve

One of 31 pairs of nerves formed by the joining of the dorsal and ventral roots that arise from the spinal cord.

Preganglionic Neurons

Nerve cells that originate in the central nervous system and synapse within autonomic ganglia, sending signals to postganglionic neurons.

Enteric Nervous System

A part of the nervous system specifically dedicated to governing the gastrointestinal system, often referred to as the "second brain."