Use the Bar Graph to Answer the Following Question

question 54

Multiple Choice

Use the bar graph to answer the following question.

People who suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) experience ongoing, debilitating fatigue. In one study, cortisol levels in the saliva during the first hour after waking were measured and compared between CFS patients and people without CFS (controls) . The data is summarized in the graph. What can you infer from the data?

• A) A disruption to thyroid hormone production likely results in decreased cortisol in the saliva.
• B) Cortisol is lower in CFS patients because they were just woken up.
• C) The normal elevation in adrenocorticotropic hormone level in waking people is reduced in CFS patients.
• D) CFS patients are generally more relaxed as demonstrated by their decreased stress response.

Distinguish between one-tailed and two-tailed tests and their application in research scenarios.

Understand the role of sample size and effect size in the power of a hypothesis test.

Understand and formulate null and alternative hypotheses for specific real-world scenarios.

Identify the Type I and Type II errors in hypothesis testing and describe their consequences.

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Definitions:

Theoretical Perspectives

Frameworks or viewpoints from which to analyze, describe, and predict social phenomena, such as functionalism, conflict theory, or symbolic interactionism.

Social Phenomena

Events, behaviors, or patterns that are observable within society and arise from the collective actions of individuals and groups.

Core Concerns

Essential issues or fundamental matters that are of central importance to a situation, problem, or person's well-being.

Earth

The third planet from the Sun, uniquely characterized by its vast oceans, atmosphere capable of supporting life, and dynamic surface processes.