What Is the Correct Formula for Using the Sample Standard $\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) } { ( N - 1 ) } }$

question 120

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for using the sample standard deviation to estimate the population standard deviation?

• A) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) } { ( N - 1 ) } }\)
• B) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } { ( N - 1 ) } }\)
• C) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } { N } }\)
• D) \(\frac { \sqrt { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } } { N - 1 }\)

Recognize the legal outcomes and remedies available when a contract is frustrated by external circumstances.

Analyze the legal effectiveness and limitations of exemption clauses within a contract.

Comprehend the legal handling of deposits and liquidated damages in the context of contract law.

Understand novation and the requirements for its validity, including the substitution of parties in a contract.

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