What Is the Correct Formula for Using the Sample Standard $\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) } { ( N - 1 ) } }$

question 120

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for using the sample standard deviation to estimate the population standard deviation?

• A) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) } { ( N - 1 ) } }\)
• B) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } { ( N - 1 ) } }\)
• C) \(\sqrt { \frac { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } { N } }\)
• D) \(\frac { \sqrt { \sum ( X - M ) ^ { 2 } } } { N - 1 }\)

Recognize the role and advantages of public relations in marketing.

Learn how to measure the effectiveness of advertising through various metrics.

Understand the concept and benefits of customer loyalty programs.

Explain the process of developing a promotion budget and strategies involved.

---

Definitions:

Dissociation

A psychological mechanism through which an individual detaches from their emotions, thoughts, memories, or self-perception, typically as a coping strategy for dealing with trauma.

McGurk Effect

A perceptual phenomenon demonstrating an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception, where visual information affects how sounds are interpreted.

Psychokinesis

The supposed ability to move or manipulate objects with the mind without any physical interaction, considered a paranormal phenomenon.

Synesthesia

A condition in which one type of sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second pathway.