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Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 80

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Use the following to answer questions
Study Description: Tail Wagging
A New York Times article published on April 24, 2007, reported the research of Dr.Giorgio Vallortigara, a neuroscientist at the University of Trieste, Italy, and his two colleagues.The researchers asked whether a dog wags its tail in a preferred direction in response to positive stimuli and in another direction in response to negative stimuli.To answer their question, they recruited 30 dogs that were family pets.Filming each dog from above, they allowed it to view (through a slat in its cage) three positive stimuli separately, in order of descending positivity: its owner, an unfamiliar human, and a cat.All the dogs responded by wagging their tails to the right.But when the dogs were presented with an unfamiliar, aggressive dog, a negative stimulus, all dogs wagged their tails to the left.
-(Study Description: Tail Wagging) Which statement is the null hypothesis for this study?

Definitions:

Bad-News Message

A communication strategy used to relay unfavorable or disappointing information in a sensitive and considerate manner.

Neutral Buffer

An introductory statement that is neither positive nor negative, used to prepare the receiver for the message that follows, often in sensitive or unwelcome communications.

E-mails

Electronic messages sent over the internet, used for personal, academic, and professional communication.

Memos

Short for memorandums; these are brief written communications typically used within an organization to disseminate information or instructions.