What Is the Correct Formula for the Chi-Square Statistic?
A) $x ^ { 2 } = \sum \left[ \frac { ( O - E ) } { E } \right]$

question 90

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for the chi-square statistic?

• A) \(x ^ { 2 } = \sum \left[ \frac { ( O - E ) } { E } \right]\)
• B) \(x ^ { 2 } = \sum \left[ \frac { ( O - E ) ^ { 2 } } { E } \right]\)
• C) \(\chi ^ { 2 } = \sum ( O - E ) ^ { 2 }\)
• D) \(x ^ { 2 } = \sum \left[ \frac { ( O - E ) } { E } \right] ^ { 2 }\)

---

Definitions:

Wilhelm Wundt

Wilhelm Wundt, often considered the father of modern psychology, founded the first psychological laboratory in Leipzig, Germany, marking the formal beginning of psychology as an experimental and scientific discipline.

Psychological Sensation

A subjective experience arising from the mind, often in response to external stimuli.

Aristotle

An ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, whose writings covered many subjects and laid the groundwork for much of Western philosophy and science.

Unconscious Mind

A part of the mind that is beyond awareness, holding desires, fears, and motivations that influence behavior and thought processes.