In a Re-Analysis of Published Studies, Twenge and Im (2007)

question 48

Multiple Choice

In a re-analysis of published studies, Twenge and Im (2007) found that for the time period 1958-2001, the need for social approval of people in the United States was negatively correlated with the U.S.violent crime rate during the same period (the correlation coefficient was -0.31) .This correlation means that:

• A) the need for social approval prevented people from committing violent crimes.
• B) the need for social approval spurred people to commit violent crimes.
• C) as the need for social approval went up, the number of violent crimes also increased.
• D) as the need for social approval went up, the number of violent crimes decreased.

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Definitions:

Median

The middle value in a data set, which divides the set into two equal halves.

Extreme Values

Data points that are significantly higher or lower than the majority of a data set, often considered as outliers or anomalies.

Variance

A statistic that represents the extent to which a set of numbers is spread out, calculating the average of the squared differences from the Mean.

Original Units

The units in which the data was originally measured or collected before any transformations or conversions.