What Is the Correct Formula for Subjects Degrees of Freedom

question 99

Multiple Choice

What is the correct formula for subjects degrees of freedom in a one-way within-groups ANOVA?

• A) N_groups - 1
• B) n - 1
• C) N_total - 1
• D) n - 2

---

Definitions:

Deleterious Mutations

Genetic changes that are harmful to an organism, often resulting in decreased fitness or survival.

Golden-Collared Manakins

A species of bird known for the male's vibrant yellow throat plumage and their unique courtship dances.

Sexually Selected Ornaments

Physical traits evolved through sexual selection, often used to attract mates or compete with members of the same species, such as the colorful plumage of many birds.

Female Choice

A form of sexual selection where females choose their mates, often based on traits that indicate the male's genetic quality or fitness.