A New York Times Article Published on April 24, 2007

question 71

Multiple Choice

A New York Times article published on April 24, 2007, reported the research of Dr.Vallortigara, a neuroscientist at the University of Trieste, Italy.In this study, Dr.Vallortigara assessed whether a dog's tail wags in a preferred direction in response to positive as opposed to negative stimuli.First, Dr.Vallortigara recruited 30 dogs that were family pets.While filming a dog's tail from above, he allowed the dog to view (through a slot in its cage) its owner, an unfamiliar human, a cat, and an unfamiliar dominant dog.The study found that dogs' tails wagged to the right for the owner and to the left for the unfamiliar dominant dog.What type of measure was the independent variable in this study?

• A) nominal
• B) ordinal
• C) interval
• D) ratio

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Definitions:

Tobacco

A plant whose leaves are processed and used in cigarettes, cigars, and other substances for smoking.

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The societal factors impacting individuals' lifestyles, behavior, and welfare, encompassing economic, health, and educational circumstances.

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A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.