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Confounding variables are connected to the independent variable such that we cannot know which variable causes the effect we observe.
Creditors
Individuals or institutions that lend money or extend credit to others, with the expectation of being paid back with interest.
Price-Earnings Ratio
The ratio for valuing a company that measures its current share price relative to its per-share earnings, widely used by investors to assess the market's valuation of a stock relative to its earnings performance.
Financial Statements
Reports that summarize the financial performance, position, and cash flows of a business for a specified period.
Book Values
The value of an asset as recorded on the company’s balance sheet, calculated as the cost of the asset minus any depreciation, amortization, or impairment costs.
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