The Difference Between the Percentage of Examinees in the Upper

question 21

Multiple Choice

The difference between the percentage of examinees in the upper group who answer an item correctly and the percentage of examinees in the lower group who answer the item correctly is called the ____________ index.

• A)internal consistency
• B)item difficulty
• C)item reliability
• D)item discrimination

Distinguish between various learning principles such as shaping, the Premack principle, and cognitive maps.

Recognize the impact of immediate versus delayed consequences on behavior modification.

Explain associative, non-associative, and observational learning.

Understand the role of mirror neurons in learning by observation.

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Definitions:

Endorphins

Natural, pain-relieving chemicals produced by the body that are released in response to stress, pain, or exercise, promoting feelings of pleasure or well-being.

Vestibular Sense

The sense that provides information about the body’s orientation in space.

Kinesthetic Sense

The sense providing information about the position and movement of body parts.

Gate-Control Theory

A theory proposing that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that either blocks pain signals or allows them to continue on to the brain.