With Respect to High-Stakes Testing, Both the American Psychological Association

question 3

Multiple Choice

With respect to high-stakes testing, both the American Psychological Association (APA) and the American Education Research Association (AERA) contend that:

• A)tests should not be used as a single measure of student performance, or basis for high-stakes decisions.
• B)overall, the provisions of No Child Left Behind have improved the reading and math performance of U.S.students.
• C)reauthorization of No Child Left Behind is sorely needed.
• D)none of the above - APA and AERA hold opposing viewpoints with respect to high-stakes testing

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Definitions:

Auditory Tube

A tube connecting the middle ear to the nasopharynx, helping equalize pressure on either side of the eardrum.

Pharynx

The pharynx is a muscular tube that connects the mouth and nasal passages with the esophagus and larynx, serving both respiratory and digestive functions.

Ossicles

Small bones, especially those in the middle ear that include the malleus, incus, and stapes, which transmit sound vibrations.

Eardrum

A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in response to sound waves.