The Results of a Recent Study Regarding Smoking and Three

question 10

Essay

The results of a recent study regarding smoking and three types of illness are shown in the following table.
$\begin{array}{lrr}\text { Illness } & \text { Non-Smokers } & \text { Smokers } & \text { Totals }\\\text { Emphysema } & 50 & 150 &200\\\text { Heart problem } & 50 & 150&200 \\\text { Cancer } & 100 & 500&600\\ \text { Totals }&200&800&1000\end{array}$ We are interested in determining whether or not illness is independent of smoking.
a. State the null and alternative hypotheses to be tested.
b. Show the contingency table of the expected frequencies and determine the test statistic.
c. The null hypothesis is to be tested at 95% confidence. Determine the critical value for this test
d. What do you conclude?

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Definitions:

Consistent

Showing steady conformity to the same principles, course, form, or actions over time.

Approach-approach Conflict

A psychological dilemma occurring when an individual faces two equally desirable but mutually exclusive goals or options.

Puberty

The period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and become capable of reproduction.

Sexual Encounter

An interaction between individuals that involves sexual activities or behavior.