__________Can Help Organizations to Maintain Flexibility as They Plan

question 8

Multiple Choice

__________can help organizations to maintain flexibility as they plan.

• A) Environmental munificence
• B) Options-based planning
• C) Formalization
• D) Liaisons
• E) Group cohesiveness

---

Definitions:

Expectancy Theory

A theory of motivation that posits that individuals are motivated to act in a certain way based on their expectations that the act will be followed by a given outcome and the attractiveness of that outcome.

Goal-Setting Theory

A theory suggesting that setting specific, challenging goals, with appropriate feedback, leads to higher performance.

ERG Theory

A theory of human motivation that categorizes needs into three groups: Existence, Relatedness, and Growth.

Two-Factor Theory

A theory by Frederick Herzberg that identifies motivation and hygiene factors as key to employee satisfaction and performance.