The Symbols +, -, and 0 Are Used to Show

question 17

Multiple Choice

The symbols +, -, and 0 are used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals. The symbol + denotes a positive interaction, - denotes a negative interaction, and 0 denotes interactions in which individuals are not affected. The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. Which fact is correct when describing species interactions?

• A) +/0 will always remain such.
• B) A +/- interaction could shift to +/0 or +/+ over time, depending on other factors such as competition, population density, or environmental changes.
• C) Species interactions occur in isolation and cannot affect the structure of ecological communities.
• D) A -/- interaction benefits both of the species in the relationship.

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Definitions:

Non-interest-bearing Note

A promissory note or loan agreement that does not require the borrower to pay interest, only to repay the principal amount.

Book Value Method

An accounting technique that determines the value of an asset based on its original cost minus any depreciation, amortization, or impairment costs.

Par Value

The face value of a bond or stock, as stated on the certificate, which is the amount paid out at maturity for bonds, or the stated value per share for stocks.

Additional Paid-in Capital-Common Stock

This represents the amount investors have paid above the nominal or par value of common stock, reflecting additional equity contributed to the company.