Red-Cheeked Salamanders Are Partially Protected from Predators Because of Cardiac

question 49

Multiple Choice

Red-cheeked salamanders are partially protected from predators because of cardiac glycosides they produce from glands on their back. When ingested, cardiac glycosides disrupt normal heart rhythms. A different salamander species, the imitator salamander, also has red cheek patches, but does not produce cardiac glycosides. It does gain protection from predators that have learned to avoid red-cheeked salamanders. How does this relationship affect the population dynamics of both species?

• A) Both species are negatively affected.
• B) Both species are positively affected.
• C) The red-cheeked salamander is positively affected; the imitator is negatively affected.
• D) The red-cheeked salamander is not affected; the imitator is positively affected.

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