TABLE 17-1
the Following Payoff Table Shows Profits Associated with a Set

question 96

Multiple Choice

TABLE 17-1
The following payoff table shows profits associated with a set of 3 alternatives under 2 possible states of nature.
$\begin{array}{llcc} \text {States } &\text { A1 }&\text { A2 }&\text {A3 }\\\hline1&12&-2&8\\2&4&10&5\end{array}$


$\text {where:}$$\quad$$\quad$ $\text {S1 is state of nature 1 }$$\quad$$\text {A1 is action alternative 1}$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\text {S2 is state of nature 2}$$\quad$$\text { A2is action alternative 2}$
$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\quad$$\text {A3 is action alternative3 }$
-Referring to Table 17-1, if the probability of S1 is 0.5, what is the return to risk ratio for A1?

• A) 0.667
• B) 4.333
• C) 1.5
• D) 2

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Definitions:

Total Costs

The sum of all expenses a business incurs to produce or sell its products or services, including fixed and variable costs.

Marginal Costs

The cost associated with producing one extra unit of a commodity, emphasizing the importance of scale in production.

Average Total Costs

The total cost of production divided by the number of units produced, representing the cost per unit.

Average Fixed Costs

Fixed production costs (unchanged by output volume) divided by the total produced output quantity.