TABLE 12-4
One Criterion Used to Evaluate Employees in the Assembly

question 193

Multiple Choice

TABLE 12-4
One criterion used to evaluate employees in the assembly section of a large factory is the number of defective pieces per 1,000 parts produced. The quality control department wants to find out whether there is a relationship between years of experience and defect rate. Since the job is repetitious, after the initial training period any improvement due to a learning effect might be offset by a loss of motivation. A defect rate is calculated for each worker in a yearly evaluation. The results for 100 workers are given in the table below.
$$\begin{array}{l}\text { \quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad\quad \quad\quad \quad Years Since Training Period }\\\begin{array} { r | r c c } & < 1 \text { Year } & 1 - 4 \text { Years } & 5 - 9 \text { Years } \\\hline \text { High } & 6 & 9 & 9 \\\text { Defect Rate: Average } & 9 & 19 & 23 \\\text { Low } & 7 & 8 & 10\end{array}\end{array}$$
-Referring to Table 12-4, a test was conducted to determine if a relationship exists between defect rate and years of experience. Which of the following p-values would indicate that defect rate and years of experience are dependent? Assume you are testing at ? = 0.05.

• A) 0.080
• B) 0.055
• C) 0.074
• D) 0.045

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Definitions:

Machine Downtime

The period during which a machine is not operational or available for use, often due to maintenance or breakdowns.

Null Hypotheses

In statistical analysis, assumptions made for the purpose of testing, asserting no significant difference or effect is expected.

Alternative Hypotheses

In statistical hypothesis testing, it is the hypothesis that proposes a difference or effect, in contrast to the null hypothesis which proposes no effect or relationship.

Type II Error

Refers to the error that occurs when a statistical test fails to reject a false null hypothesis.