TABLE 11-5
a Physician and President of a Tampa Health

question 49

Multiple Choice

TABLE 11-5
A physician and president of a Tampa Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) are attempting to show the benefits of managed health care to an insurance company. The physician believes that certain types of doctors are more cost-effective than others. One theory is that Primary Specialty is an important factor in measuring the cost-effectiveness of physicians. To investigate this, the president obtained independent random samples of 20 HMO physicians from each of 4 primary specialties - General Practice (GP) , Internal Medicine (IM) , Pediatrics (PED) , and Family Physicians (FP) - and recorded the total charges per member per month for each. A second factor which the president believes influences total charges per member per month is whether the doctor is a foreign or USA medical school graduate. The president theorizes that foreign graduates will have higher mean charges than USA graduates. To investigate this, the president also collected data on 20 foreign medical school graduates in each of the 4 primary specialty types described above. So information on charges for 40 doctors (20 foreign and 20 USA medical school graduates) was obtained for each of the 4 specialties. The results for the ANOVA are summarized in the following table.
$$\begin{array} { l r r r r r } \text { Source } & \text { df } & { \text { SS } } & \text { MS } & { F } & P R > F \\\hline \text { Specialty } & 3 & 22,855 & 7,618 & 60.94 & 0.0001 \\\text { Med school } & 1 & 105 & 105 & 0.84 & 0.6744 \\\text { Interaction } & 3 & 890 & 297 & 2.38 & 0.1348 \\\text { Error } & 152 & 18,950 & & & \\\text { Total } & 159 & 42,800 & & & \\\hline\end{array}$$
-Referring to Table 11-5, what degrees of freedom should be used to determine the critical value of the F ratio against which to test for differences in the mean charges for doctors among the four primary specialty areas?

• A) numerator df = 3, denominator df = 159
• B) numerator df = 3, denominator df = 152
• C) numerator df = 1, denominator df = 159
• D) numerator df = 1, denominator df = 152

Gain knowledge about historical savings rates, particularly within the United States.

Learn the origins and meanings of key economic terms such as "conspicuous consumption."

Differentiate between induced consumption and other forms of consumption.

Comprehend how income levels affect consumption and savings, based on the consumption function.

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Definitions:

Addiction Disorders

Mental health disorders characterized by compulsive engagement in rewarding stimuli, despite adverse consequences, often related to substance abuse or other behaviors.

Tobacco Addiction

The compulsive dependence on nicotine and tobacco products, characterized by an inability to stop using them despite the known health risks.

Blood Alcohol Content

The measurement of the amount of alcohol in an individual's bloodstream, used to assess intoxication level.

Ethanol

A volatile, flammable, colorless liquid alcohol, commonly used as a fuel additive, in thermometers, and as the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages.