In a Memory Experiment, Participants Were Shown a Form That

question 20

Multiple Choice

In a memory experiment, participants were shown a form that could be interpreted in more than one way. Half the participants were told, "Here is a picture of the sun." The other participants were told, "Here is a picture of a ship's steering wheel." Sometime later, participants were asked to draw the exact form they had seen earlier. The data indicate that

• A) participants' visual memories were distinct from their verbal memories, so participants were uninfluenced by the labels.
• B) participants' drawings were biased in a fashion that reflected the labels that they had been given earlier.
• C) the labels had called attention to the ambiguity of the figures, leading to improved memory accuracy.
• D) participants were able to remember only the labels, not the drawings.

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Definitions:

Melatonin

A hormone produced by the pineal gland that regulates sleep-wake cycles.

Seasonal Affective Disorder

A type of depression that occurs at a specific time of year, usually in the winter, when there is less natural sunlight.

Depression

A common and serious mood disorder that causes persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest.

Winter

The coldest season of the year in polar and temperate climates, characterized by short days, long nights, and typically featuring snow, ice, and freezing temperatures.