John's Mother Wants Her Son to Stop Crying Every Time

question 16

Multiple Choice

John's mother wants her son to stop crying every time something goes wrong. Following a psychologist's advice, she stops running to comfort John whenever the boy starts crying over some minor incident. After a few weeks, she notices that John cries much less frequently than he used to. This is an example of

• A) positive reinforcement.
• B) negative reinforcement.
• C) punishment.
• D) extinction.

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Definitions:

Tenacity

A personality trait characterized by persistence and determination in pursuing goals despite obstacles or difficulties.

Exploration

“Mapping out” a new area of research before proceeding to study it more specifically. This sort of research may lead down unknown paths as opposed to testing a specific hypothesis.

Exploration

The process of searching or traveling with the aim of discovery.

One-tailed Hypothesis

A statistical test hypothesis that specifies the direction of the expected difference or relationship.