We can form a confidence interval for the population total T by finding a confidence interval for the population mean 
in the usual way, and then multiplying the lower and upper limits the confidence interval by the population size N.
Definitions:
Life Expectancy
The average number of years an individual or population is expected to live, based on statistical measures considering current death rates.
Infant Mortality Rate
The rate at which infants under one year of age die in a given population per 1,000 live births in a year.
Crude Birth Rate
The number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year.
Teenage Pregnancy Rate
The number of pregnancies per 1,000 females aged 15-19 in a given year, a key indicator of reproductive health and socio-economic conditions.
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