The Following Table Shows the Results of a Study on Smoking

question 5

Essay

The following table shows the results of a study on smoking and three illnesses. We are interested in determining if the proportions smokers in the three categories are different from each other.

a.Provide the null and the alternative hypotheses.
b.Determine the expected frequencies.
c.Compute the sample proportions.
d.Compute the critical values (CV_ij).
e.Give your conclusions by providing numerical reasoning.

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Definitions:

Superordinate Goals

These are overarching objectives shared by conflicting parties that can only be achieved through cooperation, thus helping to resolve or mitigate the conflict.

Bystander Effect

a phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present, often due to a diffusion of responsibility.

Social Exchange Theory

A theory that describes how the relationship between individuals is formed by weighing the benefits and costs of interacting with each other.

Outgroup Homogeneity

The perception that members of an outgroup are more similar to each other than they really are, typically compared to the perceived diversity within one's own group.