The Reversal of Conclusions Based on Aggregate and Unaggregated Data

question 40

Multiple Choice

The reversal of conclusions based on aggregate and unaggregated data is called:

• A)Simpson's paradox
• B)Trim's paradox
• C)Poisson dilemma
• D)Simon's paradox

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A conditioning process where the removal of an unfavorable event or outcome after the display of a behavior increases the likelihood of that behavior being repeated in the future.

Operant Extinction

The process in behavioral psychology where the frequency of a previously reinforced behavior decreases when that behavior is no longer reinforced.

Belittling Behavior

Actions or comments meant to diminish someone’s sense of self-worth or accomplishments.

ABAB Design

A research design for evaluating the effect of a treatment by repeatedly alternating between a baseline period and a treatment phase.