Use the Following to Answer Questions

question 32

Multiple Choice

Use the following to answer questions :
-trench warfare

• A)The glorification of the military as the supreme ideal of the state with all other interests subordinate to it.
• B)The alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War.
• C)Fighting behind rows of ditches, mines, and barbed wire; used in World War I with a staggering cost in lives and minimal gains in territory.
• D)Practiced by countries fighting in World War I, a war in which the government plans and controls all aspects of economic and social life in order to make the greatest possible military effort.
• E)The first phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917, in which unplanned uprisings led to the abdication of the tsar and the establishment of a transitional democratic government that was then overthrown in November by Lenin and the Bolsheviks.
• F)A counter-government to the 1917 Russian provisional government, this organization was a huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers, and socialist intellectuals.
• G)The "majority group"; this was Lenin's camp of the Russian party of Marxist socialism.
• H)The application of the total-war concept to a civil conflict; the Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work.
• I)A permanent international organization established during the 1919 Paris Peace Conference to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars.
• J)The 1919 peace settlement that ended World War I; it declared Germany responsible for the war, limited Germany's army to one hundred thousand men, and forced Germany to pay huge reparations.
• K)The product of the 1924 World War I reparations commission, accepted by Germany, France, and Britain, that reduced Germany's yearly reparations, made payment dependent on German economic prosperity, and granted Germany large loans from the United States to promote recovery.
• L)Adolf Hitler's autobiography, published in 1925, which also contains Hitler's political ideology.
• M)The name given to a highly diverse and even contradictory philosophy that stresses the meaninglessness of existence and the search for moral values in a world of terror and uncertainty.
• N)Freudian terms for the primitive, irrational unconscious; the rationalizing conscious that mediates what a person can do; and the ingrained moral values that specify what a person should do.
• O)A variety of cultural movements at the end of the nineteenth century and beginning of the twentieth that rebelled against traditional forms and conventions of the past.
• P)The principle that buildings, like industrial products, should serve the purpose for which they were made as well as possible.

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Definitions:

System II

A term often used in psychology to describe the deliberative, analytical form of cognition that requires concentration and is slower than intuitive thinking.

Intuitive Thinking

A cognitive process that involves making judgments and solving problems based on implicit knowledge and feelings, rather than explicit reasoning.

Reasoning

The mental process of generating conclusions, judgments, or inferences from facts or premises.

System I

Refers to the fast, automatic, and intuitive way of thinking, as opposed to System II's slower, more deliberate thought process.