PART a All Spies Are Covert Operators, So All Covert

question 330

Short Answer

PART A All spies are covert operators, so all covert operators are risk takers, for all spies are risk takers.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = cats, S = dogs, R = animals.
B) S = fish, R = mammals, C = animals.
C) S = dogs, C = mammals, R = animals.
D) R= dogs, C = cats, S = animals.
E) S = cats, C = animals, R = mammals.

• A) C = cats, S = dogs, R = animals.
• B) S = fish, R = mammals, C = animals.
• C) S = dogs, C = mammals, R = animals.
• D) R= dogs, C = cats, S = animals.
• E) S = cats, C = animals, R = mammals.

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Definitions:

Newman Projection

A method of projecting a molecule, showing a carbon-carbon bond axis front to back, displaying the spatial relationships of groups attached to those carbons.

Stable Conformation

The most energetically favorable spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule.

2-Methylpropane

An alkane with the chemical formula C4H10, also known as isobutane, characterized by a branched structure.

Conformers

Different spatial arrangements of atoms in a molecule that can be converted into one another by rotation around single bonds.