PART a All College Professors Are Teachers, So All Teachers

question 189

Short Answer

PART A All college professors are teachers, so all teachers are educators, since all college professors are educators.
This argument is correctly symbolized as follows: PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = mammals, E = animals, T = fish.
B) C = cats, E = mammals, T = animals.
C) C = animals, E = mammals, T = cats.
D) C = dogs, E = animals, T = mammals.
E) C = cats, E = dogs, T = mammals.

• A) C = mammals, E = animals, T = fish.
• B) C = cats, E = mammals, T = animals.
• C) C = animals, E = mammals, T = cats.
• D) C = dogs, E = animals, T = mammals.
• E) C = cats, E = dogs, T = mammals.

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Definitions:

Self-Employment Tax

A tax consisting of Social Security and Medicare taxes primarily for individuals who work for themselves, calculated on net earnings from self-employment.

Net Earnings

The amount of money left after all deductions, including taxes and operating expenses, have been subtracted from total income.

Standard Mileage Rate

A set rate per mile that taxpayers can use to calculate the deductible costs of operating an automobile for business, charitable, medical, or moving purposes.

Vehicle Expenses

Costs incurred from the use of a vehicle for business purposes, including gas, repairs, and insurance, which may be deductible.