PART a All Container Ships That Are Ocean Going Are

question 379

Short Answer

PART A All container ships that are ocean going are air polluters. Hence, all container ships are air polluters.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = husbands, O = married, A = men.
B) C = men, O = humans, A = mammals.
C) C = men, O = married, A = husbands.
D) C = wives, O = divorced, A = women.
E) C = cats, O = animals, A = dogs.

• A) C = husbands, O = married, A = men.
• B) C = men, O = humans, A = mammals.
• C) C = men, O = married, A = husbands.
• D) C = wives, O = divorced, A = women.
• E) C = cats, O = animals, A = dogs.

---

Definitions:

Consumer Surplus

The difference between the maximum price a consumer is willing to pay for a product and the actual price they pay.

Total Consumer Surplus

The sum of the individual consumer surpluses of all the buyers of a good in a market.

Consumer Surplus

The discrepancy between what consumers are prepared and capable of spending on a product or service and what they actually end up spending.

Total Consumer Surplus

Total consumer surplus is the difference between what consumers are willing to pay for a good or service versus what they actually pay, representing the net benefit to consumers.