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When the area under from
to
is approximated, the formulas for the sum of n rectangles using left-hand endpoints and right-hand endpoints are:
Left-hand endpoints:
Right-hand endpoints:
Find and
.
Alternative Hypothesis
The hypothesis that is tested against the null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing, representing a statement that indicates some effect or difference.
Critical Value
A threshold value in hypothesis testing that defines the boundary for rejecting the null hypothesis; it is determined by the chosen significance level.
Null Hypothesis
In statistics, it posits that there is no effect or difference among the groups being studied or variables being compared.
Alpha
In hypothesis testing, alpha level represents the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis, often set at 0.05 or 5% risk of Type I error.
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