Given the Argument: B ∨ M / B ∨ ∼

question 196

Multiple Choice

Given the argument: B ∨ M / B ∨ ∼ K // (K ∨ ∼ M) ⊃ B
This argument is:

• A) Invalid; fails in 3^rd line.
• B) Invalid; fails in 2^nd line.
• C) Invalid; fails in 1^st line.
• D) Invalid; fails in 4^th line.
• E) Valid.

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Definitions:

Operational Definitions

Specific descriptions of concepts and variables in terms of the methods used to measure or manipulate them in research.

A Priori Causal Theories

Theoretical assumptions made ahead of empirical research, based on logical deduction rather than observation or experience.

Cultural Knowledge

Understanding gained about the customs, beliefs, behaviors, and norms of a group or society, facilitating effective social interaction and integration.

Inferences

The process of reaching conclusions based on evidence and reasoning rather than direct observations.