No Non-A Are Non-B. (F) Obversion

question 204

Multiple Choice

No non-A are non-B. (F) Obversion

• A) All non-A are B. (F)
• B) No non-B are non-A. (F)
• C) No B are A. (Und.)
• D) All non-A are non-B. (Und.)
• E) Some non-A are non-B. (T)

Calculate contribution to overhead and profitability ratios.

Comprehend information useful for evaluating the profitability or cost-effectiveness of departmental activities.

Allocate indirect expenses across departments based on various drivers (floor space, ad spots, sales).

Understand responsibility accounting and the creation of performance reports for department managers.

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Definitions:

Quantifier Negation

The process of changing the quantifier in a statement, such as from "all" to "not all," to negate its original meaning.

Universal Generalization

A principle of deductive reasoning that allows one to conclude that something is true for all cases after confirming it is true in every observed case.

Existential Instantiation

A logical principle that states from the knowledge that something exists, one can infer the existence of an instance of that thing.

Universal Instantiation

A logical rule that allows one to deduce that a statement applies to specific instances given it holds for all instances.