PART a If Auditors Botch Their Job, Then Investors Are

question 321

Essay

PART A If auditors botch their job, then investors are misled. Hence, if investors are misled, then public confidence is eroded, because if auditors botch their job, then public confidence is eroded.
The form of this argument is: a. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( I \) then \( \mathrm{P} \).}\\ \text {\text { If } A \text { then } P }\\ \hline\text { \text { If } A \text { then } I }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array}{l}\text { If } A \text { then I. } \\\text { If I then } P \text {. } \\\hline\text { If } A \text { then } P \text {. }\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( A \) then I. }\\ \text {\(\text { If } A \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text {\(\text { If I then P. }\) }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All A are P}\\ \text { All A are I.}\\ \text {All I are P. }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text { No A are I.}\\ \text {No I are \( P \). }\\ \text { No \( A \) are \( P \).}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) A = Scarlett Johansson is a lawyer; I = Scarlett Johansson is a human; P = Scarlett Johansson can represent clients in court.
B) A = Ben Affleck is an actor, I = Ben Affleck is well known, P = Ben Affleck is a human.
C) A = cats, P = mammals, I = animals.
D) A = dogs, I = fish, P = mammals.
E) A = candy is sweet, I = lemons are sour, P = sea water is salty.

• A) A = Scarlett Johansson is a lawyer; I = Scarlett Johansson is a human; P = Scarlett Johansson can represent clients in court.
• B) A = Ben Affleck is an actor, I = Ben Affleck is well known, P = Ben Affleck is a human.
• C) A = cats, P = mammals, I = animals.
• D) A = dogs, I = fish, P = mammals.
• E) A = candy is sweet, I = lemons are sour, P = sea water is salty.

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Definitions:

Time Tickets

Documents used to record the amount of time an employee spends on various tasks, commonly used for job costing.

Individual Job

A specific and unique task or set of tasks undertaken by a company, often used in job-order costing systems.

Time Tickets

Documents used to record the amount of an employee's time spent on each job or task, typically for billing or payroll purposes.

Factory

An establishment or complex of establishments involved in the machine-based production or assembly of merchandise.