PART a If Class-Action Lawsuits Are Banned, Then Big Business $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text {{Not} B }\\ \hline\text {{Not} C }\\\end{array}$

question 43

Essay

PART A If class-action lawsuits are banned, then big business will win. Hence, big business will not win, since class-action lawsuits will not be banned.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text {{Not} B }\\ \hline\text {{Not} C }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {Not C. }\\ \text {Not B. }\\ \hline\text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( C \) then \( B \).}\\ \text {Not C }\\ \hline\text { Not B.}\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{B} \). }\\ \text { B}\\ \text { C}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( C \) then \( B \).}\\ \text {C }\\ \text { B}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = Nicole Kidman was beheaded, B = Nicole Kidman is dead.
B) C = Bob Smith was beheaded, B = Bob Smith is dead.
C) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, B = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
D) C = George Washington is dead, B = George Washington was assassinated.
E) C = George Washington was beheaded, B = George Washington is dead.

• A) C = Nicole Kidman was beheaded, B = Nicole Kidman is dead.
• B) C = Bob Smith was beheaded, B = Bob Smith is dead.
• C) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, B = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
• D) C = George Washington is dead, B = George Washington was assassinated.
• E) C = George Washington was beheaded, B = George Washington is dead.

---

Definitions:

Stereotyping

The oversimplified and generalized belief about a group of people that ignores individual differences and complexities.

Maintenance Stage

A phase in various models, such as group development or change processes, where established processes and structures are sustained and kept functional.

James Dyson

British inventor and entrepreneur best known for founding Dyson Ltd, a company that designs and manufactures household appliances such as vacuum cleaners, air purifiers, and hair dryers.

Mentoring Newcomers

A process where experienced individuals guide and support less experienced people, typically in a professional setting, to help them adapt and succeed.