PART a If Auditors Botch Their Job, Then Investors Are

question 321

Essay

PART A If auditors botch their job, then investors are misled. Hence, if investors are misled, then public confidence is eroded, because if auditors botch their job, then public confidence is eroded.
The form of this argument is: a. $\begin{array} { l } \text { If \( I \) then \( \mathrm{P} \).}\\ \text {\text { If } A \text { then } P }\\ \hline\text { \text { If } A \text { then } I }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array}{l}\text { If } A \text { then I. } \\\text { If I then } P \text {. } \\\hline\text { If } A \text { then } P \text {. }\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( A \) then I. }\\ \text {\(\text { If } A \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text {\(\text { If I then P. }\) }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All A are P}\\ \text { All A are I.}\\ \text {All I are P. }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text { No A are I.}\\ \text {No I are \( P \). }\\ \text { No \( A \) are \( P \).}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) A = Scarlett Johansson is a lawyer; I = Scarlett Johansson is a human; P = Scarlett Johansson can represent clients in court.
B) A = Ben Affleck is an actor, I = Ben Affleck is well known, P = Ben Affleck is a human.
C) A = cats, P = mammals, I = animals.
D) A = dogs, I = fish, P = mammals.
E) A = candy is sweet, I = lemons are sour, P = sea water is salty.

• A) A = Scarlett Johansson is a lawyer; I = Scarlett Johansson is a human; P = Scarlett Johansson can represent clients in court.
• B) A = Ben Affleck is an actor, I = Ben Affleck is well known, P = Ben Affleck is a human.
• C) A = cats, P = mammals, I = animals.
• D) A = dogs, I = fish, P = mammals.
• E) A = candy is sweet, I = lemons are sour, P = sea water is salty.

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Definitions:

Survey Technique

A research method involving the collection of data from a predefined group of respondents to gather information and insights on various subjects.

Cognitive Development

The process by which a person's ability to think, understand, and learn evolves over time.

Humanistic Psychology

A psychological perspective which emphasizes individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in guiding behavior and mental processes.

Psychoanalysis

A therapeutic approach founded by Sigmund Freud which emphasizes unconscious processes and childhood experiences in understanding and treating psychological disorders.