PART a If the Economy Crashes, Then Stock Prices Fall

question 340

Essay

PART A If the economy crashes, then stock prices fall, because if stock prices fall, then pension funds shrink, and if the economy crashes then pension funds shrink.
The form of this argument is: a. $\begin{array} { l } \text {\(\text { If E then } S \text {. }\) }\\ \text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text { \(\text { If } \mathrm{S} \text { then } \mathrm{P} \text {. }\)}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( E \) then \( S \). }\\ \text {\(\text { If } \mathrm{S} \text { then } \mathrm{P} \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text { \(\text { If } E \text { thet } P \text {. }\)}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( S \) then \( P \). }\\ \text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } P \text {. }\) }\\ \hline\text {\(\text { If } E \text { then } S \text {. }\) }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {All \( \mathrm{S} \) are \( \mathrm{P} \). }\\ \text {All E ate P. }\\ \text { All \( \mathrm{E} \) ate \( \mathrm{S} \).}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{S} \) then \( \mathrm{P} \). }\\ \text {If \( E \) then \( S \). }\\ \text { If \( E \) then \( P \).}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) S = Jessica Biel is a man, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is a woman.
B) S = cats, P = animals, E = dogs.
C) S = Jessica Biel is a woman, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is an actress.
D) S = Matt Damon is an actor, P = Matt Damon is a lawyer, E = Matt Damon is a professional.
E) S = Susan is rich, P = Susan is famous, E = Susan is happy.

• A) S = Jessica Biel is a man, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is a woman.
• B) S = cats, P = animals, E = dogs.
• C) S = Jessica Biel is a woman, P = Jessica Biel is a human, E = Jessica Biel is an actress.
• D) S = Matt Damon is an actor, P = Matt Damon is a lawyer, E = Matt Damon is a professional.
• E) S = Susan is rich, P = Susan is famous, E = Susan is happy.

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Definitions:

Organization

An arranged and structured collective of people with a particular purpose, such as a business or government department.

Public Service Motivation

The inclination or desire to contribute to the well-being of society through work in the public sector or through voluntary service.

Goal Theories

Theories that focus on how setting goals influences behavior and outcomes.

Temporal Motivation Theory

Temporal Motivation Theory is a model that explains motivation in terms of time, focusing on how time influences the prioritization and pursuit of goals.