If the Form of a Deductive Argument Allows for a Substitution

question 149

Multiple Choice

If the form of a deductive argument allows for a substitution instance having true premises and a true conclusion, then we know:

• A) The argument is strong.
• B) The argument is sound.
• C) Nothing, as such, about the argument's validity.
• D) The argument is valid.
• E) The argument is true.

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Definitions:

Membrane-bound Receptor Model

A conceptual model describing receptors located on the cell membrane that interact with external signals (ligands) to initiate cellular responses.

Membrane-bound Receptor

A type of receptor that is attached to the cell membrane and is involved in signaling pathways following the binding of a ligand.

Cyclic AMP

A second messenger molecule important in many biological processes, such as signal transduction and intracellular communication.

Adenylyl Cyclase

An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP, playing a critical role in cell signaling pathways.