PART a If Cell Phone Companies Screen Text Messages, Then $\begin{array} { l } \text { \text { If } C \text { then } F \text {. }}\\ \text {C }\\ \hline\text { F}\\\end{array}$

question 159

Essay

PART A If cell phone companies screen text messages, then freedom of speech is threatened. Thus, freedom of speech is not threatened, because cell phone companies do not screen text messages.
Which of the following correctly expresses the form of this argument? a. $\begin{array} { l } \text { \text { If } C \text { then } F \text {. }}\\ \text {C }\\ \hline\text { F}\\\end{array}$$\quad$ b. $\begin{array} { l } \text { not F}\\ \text {not C }\\ \hline\text {\text { If } C \text { then } F \text {. } }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ c. $\begin{array} { l }\text { All C ate } F \text {. }\\ \text {C }\\ \hline\text {F }\\\end{array}$

d. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{F} \). }\\ \text {Not C. }\\ \text {Not F. }\\\end{array}$$\quad$ e. $\begin{array} { l } \text {If \( \mathrm{C} \) then \( \mathrm{F} \). }\\ \text {Not F. }\\ \text { Not C.}\\\end{array}$ PART B
Which of the following substitutions proves the argument invalid?
A) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, F = George Washington was assassinated.
B) C = Joe Smith was beheaded, F= Joe Smith is dead.
C) C = Abraham Lincoln was beheaded, F = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
D) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, F = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
E) C = Abraham Lincoln was beheaded, F = Abraham Lincoln is not dead.

• A) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, F = George Washington was assassinated.
• B) C = Joe Smith was beheaded, F= Joe Smith is dead.
• C) C = Abraham Lincoln was beheaded, F = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
• D) C = Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, F = Abraham Lincoln is dead.
• E) C = Abraham Lincoln was beheaded, F = Abraham Lincoln is not dead.

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Definitions:

Plaintiff's Negligence

A legal concept in personal injury cases where the plaintiff's own negligent actions contributed to their harm or loss.

Product Misuse

A defense against product liability that may be raised when the plaintiff used a product in a manner not intended by the manufacturer. If the misuse is reasonably foreseeable, the seller will not escape liability unless measures were taken to guard against the harm that could result from the misuse.

Defense

Legal strategies and arguments used by a defendant in litigation to counteract the claims made by the plaintiff.

Product Liability

Refers to the legal responsibility of manufacturers and sellers to compensate for harm caused by defective products they market.