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A Nerdy Scotch-Drinking Physicist, Nicola, Suspected That the 50-Year-Old Scotch

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A nerdy Scotch-drinking physicist, Nicola, suspected that the 50-year-old Scotch she purchased was misrepresented. Reasoning that water must contain the radioactive hydrogen isotope, tritium, because this isotope is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays, she decided she could use the tritium concentration in the Scotch to determine when it was bottled. She found that the tritium concentration in the Scotch was only 64% that of the tritium concentration in the water on the Isle of Islay where the Scotch was bottled. How old, really, was this 50-year-old Scotch? The half-life of tritium is 12.3 years.


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Raw Material

The basic material from which a product is made, essential for the manufacturing process.

Direct Labor Costs

The total expenditure on labor directly involved in the manufacturing process of goods or services.

Total Needs

The comprehensive requirements or demands of a process, project, or organization.

Units Produced

The total number of completed units generated by a manufacturing or production process in a given period.

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