The D_z² and D_x² - _y² Orbitals Are Higher in Energy

question 134

Multiple Choice

The d_z² and d_x² - _y² orbitals are higher in energy than the d_xy, d_xz, and d_yz orbitals in an octahedral complex because these two orbitals ________

• A) do not point directly at ligands.
• B) point directly at ligands.
• C) occupy larger volumes than the other three orbitals.
• D) are in the same plane and repel one another.
• E) occupy smaller volumes than the other three orbitals.

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Definitions:

Zajonc

Zajonc is known for his work on social facilitation and the mere exposure effect, illustrating how presence of others affects individual performance and how repeated exposure increases liking.

Ringelmann Effect

The phenomenon where individual productivity decreases as the size of the group increases, often due to coordination and motivation problems.

Social Facilitation

The tendency for individuals to perform differently when in the presence of others versus when alone, typically improving performance on simple or well-rehearsed tasks.

Compresence

The psychological or physical co-existence of individuals in the same place and time, enabling interaction or communication.