Three Acids Found in Foods Are Lactic Acid (In Milk

question 131

Multiple Choice

Three acids found in foods are lactic acid (in milk products) , oxalic acid (in rhubarb) , and malic acid (in apples) . The pK_a values are LA = 3.88, OA = 1.23, and MA = 3.40. Which list has these acids in order of decreasing acid strength?

• A) LA > OA > MA
• B) LA > MA > OA
• C) OA > MA > LA
• D) OA > LA > MA
• E) MA > LA > OA

Identify and describe the mechanisms of systemic and induced resistance in plants.

Distinguish between constitutive and induced plant defenses.

Explain the role of specific molecules such as salicylic acid, terpenes, and alkaloids in plant defense mechanisms.

Describe the process and importance of signaling in plant defense responses.

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Definitions:

Platelet Plug

Accumulation of platelets that stick to each other and to connective tissue; prevents blood loss from damaged blood vessels.

Collagen Fibers

Strong, insoluble protein fibers that provide structural support, strength, and elasticity to connective tissue.

Thrombin

An enzyme in blood plasma that causes the clotting of blood by converting fibrinogen to fibrin.

Phagocytotic Cells

Cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead or dying cells.