The Following Table Shows the Results of a Survey of Authors

question 63

Multiple Choice

The following table shows the results of a survey of authors by a (fictitious) publishing company: $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { New Authors } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Established } \\\text { Authors }\end{array} & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { Successful } & 5 & 25 & 30 \\\hline \text { Unsuccessful } & 15 & 55 & 70 \\\hline \text { Total } & 20 & 80 & 100 \\\hline\end{array}$$ Consider the following events:
S: An author is successful; U: An author is unsuccessful; N: An author is new; and E: An author is established.
Which of the following pairs of events are mutually exclusive:

• A)N and S
• B) both S and E, and N and E
• C) S and E
• D) both S and E, and N and S
• E) N and E

---

Definitions:

False Alternative

A logical fallacy that occurs when an argument presents a limited set of options as if they are the only possibilities when, in fact, more options exist.

Fallacy

An incorrect argument in logic and rhetoric resulting in a lack of validity, or more generally, an error in reasoning.

Lemon Trees

Perennial plants known for producing lemons, characterized by their citrus fruit and aromatic leaves.

Post Hoc

A logical fallacy that implies a cause and effect relationship simply because one event follows another in time.