The Following Table Shows the Results of a Survey of Authors

question 78

Multiple Choice

The following table shows the results of a survey of authors by a (fictitious) publishing company: $$\begin{array} { | l | l | l | l | } \hline & \text { New Authors } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Established } \\\text { Authors }\end{array} & \text { Total } \\\hline \text { Successful } & 5 & 25 & 30 \\\hline \text { Unsuccessful } & 15 & 55 & 70 \\\hline \text { Total } & 20 & 80 & 100 \\\hline\end{array}$$ Consider the following events:
S: An author is successful; U: An author is unsuccessful; N: An author is new; and E: An author is established.
Which of the following pairs of events are mutually exclusive:

• A)U and E
• B) both S and N, and U and E
• C) U and S
• D) S and N
• E) none

Grasp the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) theory, including the concepts of in-group and out-group.

Recognize the significance of leadership substitutes and their impact on leadership necessity.

Know the importance of clear task roles and the involvement of followers in the leadership process.

Understand different leadership decision-making styles as per the Vroom-Jago model.

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Definitions:

Visual Image

A mental picture or representation of an object or scene that is generated by the brain.

Imaginal Scanning

A task in which a participant is asked to form a mental image and to scan over it from one point to another.

Heuristic Distortion

Cognitive shortcuts or biases that lead to a distorted perception or simplification of complex problems, often leading to errors in judgment.