The Observed Value of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test Statistic $S _ { + }$

question 4

Short Answer

The observed value of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test statistic $S _ { + }$ is the sum of the ranks associated with the __________ observations.

---

Definitions:

Emotional Dissonance

The conflict or incongruity between one's experienced emotions and the emotions one displays in accordance with societal or occupational roles.

Surface Acting

A behavioral concept where individuals fake or modify their external expressions or emotions to meet certain expectations.

Deep Acting

An emotional labor strategy where individuals attempt to feel the emotions they are supposed to display, rather than just superficially acting them out.

Internal Emotion

A personal and subjective experience of feeling, which originates inside an individual and can influence their thoughts and behavior.