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Criminologists Have Long Debated Whether There Is a Relationship Between α=.01\alpha = .01

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Criminologists have long debated whether there is a relationship between weather conditions and the incidence of violent crime. A study classified 1400 homicides according to season, resulting in the accompanying data. Test the null hypothesis of equal proportions using α=.01\alpha = .01 by using the chi-squared table to say as much as possible about the P-value.  Winter  Spring  Summer  Fall 338345382335\begin{array} { c c c c } \hline \text { Winter } & \text { Spring } & \text { Summer } & \text { Fall } \\\hline 338 & 345 & 382 & 335 \\\hline\end{array}


Definitions:

Variable Costing

A method of costing that includes only variable manufacturing costs—direct materials, direct labor, and variable manufacturing overhead—in the cost of a unit of product.

Absorption Costing

An accounting method that includes all manufacturing costs - direct labor, direct materials, and overhead - in the cost of a product.

Net Operating Income

A company's revenue minus its operating expenses, not including taxes and interest.

Fixed Manufacturing Overhead

The total of all production costs that do not change with the level of production output, such as salaries of managers, rent, and property taxes.

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