The Following Questions Refer to the Excerpt Below

question 13

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For a historical appreciation [of the slave trade],one must turn to the fairly abundant but problematic writing of sixteenth and seventeenth century visitors from Europe,and a few central African texts. Many of the [European] visitors,especially missionaries,were hostile to African religious ideas and practices,which caused,which caused them to misrepresent African religion,but these early observers had the tremendous advantage of witnessing the religions at first hand during the period of the slave trade. Contemporary eyewitness testimony,for all its problems,is still [central to] the historians' craft."
Linda Heywood,Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora,2002
-As seen in the passage,European attempts to understand African traditions and cultures resulted in which of the following ideas?

• A) Mutual understanding and respect among Europeans and Africans
• B) An uneasy co-existence between Europeans, African slaves, and American Indians
• C) Solidified justifications for the subjugation of Africans
• D) Cultural assimilation emphasizing the equal value of European and African practices

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Definitions:

Exert Less Effort

A phenomenon where individuals decrease their effort output in situations where they perceive lesser necessity for intense work.

Group's Leader

The individual who takes on the role of directing, influencing, and coordinating the activities of a group towards achieving its objectives.

Certain Traits

Specific characteristics or qualities that are consistent and enduring in an individual, contributing to their personalities and behaviors.

Leadership

The action of leading a group of people or an organization, or the ability to do this effectively.