Compare and contrast views of European expansion in the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Evaluate how differences in worldview shaped these views.
Document 1
Saurce: Papal Bull her Caetera, May 4, 1493
Wherefore, as becomes Catholic kings and princes…you have purposed to…to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands…And in order that you may enter upon so great an undertaking with greater readiness and heartiness endowed with the benefit of our apostolic favor, we, of our own accord, not at your instance nor the request of anyone else in your regard, but out of our own sole largess and certain knowledge and out of the fullness of our apostolic power, by the authority of Almighty God conferred upon us…should any of said islands have been found by your envoys and captains, give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors…all rights, jurisdictions, and appurtenances.
document 2
Source: The Jesuit Relations, 1657 - 1658
In France, patterns and raised shoes are considered the most beautiful…The Savages’ shoes are as flat as tennis shoes, but much wider, especially in winter, when they stuff and line them amply to keep away the cold…The French are stretched lengthwise in their graves, while the Savages,…in burying their dead make them take in the grave the position which they held in their mothers’ womb. In some parts of Europe, the dead are placed with their heads turned towards the East; the Savages make them face the West.
Document 3
Sauce: Alvar Núiez Cabeza de Vaca, 1542
And that night we reached a place where there were fifty houses, and the people were startled when they saw and showed great fear. And after they had become somewhat accustomed to us, they would touch us with their hands on our faces and body and then pass their own hands over their faces and bodies. And so we were there that night, and in the morning they brought us their sick, begging us to sign them with the cross, and they gave us such supplies as they had of food, which were cactus leaves and green prickly pears, roasted. And because of the good treatment they gave us, and because they gave us willingly and generously what they had and were happy to go without in order to give it to us, we stayed with them for several days.
document 4
Source: An Aztec account of the siege of Tenochtitlan
The Spanish blockade [of Tenochtitlan] caused great anguish in the city. The people were tormented by hunger, and many starved to death. There was no fresh water to drink, only stagnant water and he brine of the lake, and many people died of dysentery. The only food was lizards, swallows, corncobs and the salt grasses of the lake. The people also ate water lilies and the seeds of the colorin, and chewed on deerhides and pieces of leather. They roasted and seared whatever they could find and then ate it. They ate the bitterest weeds and even dirt.![Compare and contrast views of European expansion in the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Evaluate how differences in worldview shaped these views. Document 1 Saurce: Papal Bull her Caetera, May 4, 1493 Wherefore, as becomes Catholic kings and princes…you have purposed to…to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands…And in order that you may enter upon so great an undertaking with greater readiness and heartiness endowed with the benefit of our apostolic favor, we, of our own accord, not at your instance nor the request of anyone else in your regard, but out of our own sole largess and certain knowledge and out of the fullness of our apostolic power, by the authority of Almighty God conferred upon us…should any of said islands have been found by your envoys and captains, give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors…all rights, jurisdictions, and appurtenances. document 2 Source: The Jesuit Relations, 1657 - 1658 In France, patterns and raised shoes are considered the most beautiful…The Savages’ shoes are as flat as tennis shoes, but much wider, especially in winter, when they stuff and line them amply to keep away the cold…The French are stretched lengthwise in their graves, while the Savages,…in burying their dead make them take in the grave the position which they held in their mothers’ womb. In some parts of Europe, the dead are placed with their heads turned towards the East; the Savages make them face the West. Document 3 Sauce: Alvar Núiez Cabeza de Vaca, 1542 And that night we reached a place where there were fifty houses, and the people were startled when they saw and showed great fear. And after they had become somewhat accustomed to us, they would touch us with their hands on our faces and body and then pass their own hands over their faces and bodies. And so we were there that night, and in the morning they brought us their sick, begging us to sign them with the cross, and they gave us such supplies as they had of food, which were cactus leaves and green prickly pears, roasted. And because of the good treatment they gave us, and because they gave us willingly and generously what they had and were happy to go without in order to give it to us, we stayed with them for several days. document 4 Source: An Aztec account of the siege of Tenochtitlan The Spanish blockade [of Tenochtitlan] caused great anguish in the city. The people were tormented by hunger, and many starved to death. There was no fresh water to drink, only stagnant water and he brine of the lake, and many people died of dysentery. The only food was lizards, swallows, corncobs and the salt grasses of the lake. The people also ate water lilies and the seeds of the colorin, and chewed on deerhides and pieces of leather. They roasted and seared whatever they could find and then ate it. They ate the bitterest weeds and even dirt. Document 6 Saurce: Map of the Warld by Henricus Martellus, 1489 Document 7 Saurce: Juan de Sepulveda, The Nature of Natives, 1550 Now compare these [Spanish] traits of prudence, intelligence, magnanimity, moderation, humanity, and religion with the qualities of these little men (hombrecillos) in whom you will scarcely fine even vestiges of humanity; who not only are devoid of learning but do not even have a written language; who preserve no monuments of their history, aside from some vague and obscure reminiscence of past events, represented by means of certain paintings; and who have no written laws but only barbaric customs and institutions. And if we are to speak of virtues, what moderation or mildness can you expect of men who are given to all kings of intemperance and wicked lusts, and who eat human flesh? And do not believe that before the coming of the Christians they lived in that peaceful reign of Saturn that the poets describe; on the contrary, they waged continuous and ferocious war against each other, with such fury that they considered a victory hardly worthwhile if they did not glut their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies, a ferocity all the more repellent since it was not joined to the invincible valor of the Scythians, who also ate human flesh. For the rest, these Indians are so cowardly that they almost run at the sight of our soldiers, and frequently thousands of them have fled like women before a very few Spaniards, numbering less than a hundred….](https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ea2a30_010a_4bce_bce1_c12fdee35915_TB4407_00.jpg)
Document 6
Saurce: Map of the Warld by Henricus Martellus, 1489![Compare and contrast views of European expansion in the Americas in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Evaluate how differences in worldview shaped these views. Document 1 Saurce: Papal Bull her Caetera, May 4, 1493 Wherefore, as becomes Catholic kings and princes…you have purposed to…to bring under your sway the said mainlands and islands…And in order that you may enter upon so great an undertaking with greater readiness and heartiness endowed with the benefit of our apostolic favor, we, of our own accord, not at your instance nor the request of anyone else in your regard, but out of our own sole largess and certain knowledge and out of the fullness of our apostolic power, by the authority of Almighty God conferred upon us…should any of said islands have been found by your envoys and captains, give, grant, and assign to you and your heirs and successors…all rights, jurisdictions, and appurtenances. document 2 Source: The Jesuit Relations, 1657 - 1658 In France, patterns and raised shoes are considered the most beautiful…The Savages’ shoes are as flat as tennis shoes, but much wider, especially in winter, when they stuff and line them amply to keep away the cold…The French are stretched lengthwise in their graves, while the Savages,…in burying their dead make them take in the grave the position which they held in their mothers’ womb. In some parts of Europe, the dead are placed with their heads turned towards the East; the Savages make them face the West. Document 3 Sauce: Alvar Núiez Cabeza de Vaca, 1542 And that night we reached a place where there were fifty houses, and the people were startled when they saw and showed great fear. And after they had become somewhat accustomed to us, they would touch us with their hands on our faces and body and then pass their own hands over their faces and bodies. And so we were there that night, and in the morning they brought us their sick, begging us to sign them with the cross, and they gave us such supplies as they had of food, which were cactus leaves and green prickly pears, roasted. And because of the good treatment they gave us, and because they gave us willingly and generously what they had and were happy to go without in order to give it to us, we stayed with them for several days. document 4 Source: An Aztec account of the siege of Tenochtitlan The Spanish blockade [of Tenochtitlan] caused great anguish in the city. The people were tormented by hunger, and many starved to death. There was no fresh water to drink, only stagnant water and he brine of the lake, and many people died of dysentery. The only food was lizards, swallows, corncobs and the salt grasses of the lake. The people also ate water lilies and the seeds of the colorin, and chewed on deerhides and pieces of leather. They roasted and seared whatever they could find and then ate it. They ate the bitterest weeds and even dirt. Document 6 Saurce: Map of the Warld by Henricus Martellus, 1489 Document 7 Saurce: Juan de Sepulveda, The Nature of Natives, 1550 Now compare these [Spanish] traits of prudence, intelligence, magnanimity, moderation, humanity, and religion with the qualities of these little men (hombrecillos) in whom you will scarcely fine even vestiges of humanity; who not only are devoid of learning but do not even have a written language; who preserve no monuments of their history, aside from some vague and obscure reminiscence of past events, represented by means of certain paintings; and who have no written laws but only barbaric customs and institutions. And if we are to speak of virtues, what moderation or mildness can you expect of men who are given to all kings of intemperance and wicked lusts, and who eat human flesh? And do not believe that before the coming of the Christians they lived in that peaceful reign of Saturn that the poets describe; on the contrary, they waged continuous and ferocious war against each other, with such fury that they considered a victory hardly worthwhile if they did not glut their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies, a ferocity all the more repellent since it was not joined to the invincible valor of the Scythians, who also ate human flesh. For the rest, these Indians are so cowardly that they almost run at the sight of our soldiers, and frequently thousands of them have fled like women before a very few Spaniards, numbering less than a hundred….](https://d2lvgg3v3hfg70.cloudfront.net/TB4407/11ecf090_8210_d23d_b4a1_1b260f9c690a_TB4407_11.jpg)
Document 7
Saurce: Juan de Sepulveda, The Nature of Natives, 1550
Now compare these [Spanish] traits of prudence, intelligence, magnanimity, moderation, humanity, and religion with the qualities of these little men (hombrecillos) in whom you will scarcely fine even vestiges of humanity; who not only are devoid of learning but do not even have a written language; who preserve no monuments of their history, aside from some vague and obscure reminiscence of past events, represented by means of certain paintings; and who have no written laws but only barbaric customs and institutions. And if we are to speak of virtues, what moderation or mildness can you expect of men who are given to all kings of intemperance and wicked lusts, and who eat human flesh?
And do not believe that before the coming of the Christians they lived in that peaceful reign of Saturn that the poets describe; on the contrary, they waged continuous and ferocious war against each other, with such fury that they considered a victory hardly worthwhile if they did not glut their monstrous hunger with the flesh of their enemies, a ferocity all the more repellent since it was not joined to the invincible valor of the Scythians, who also ate human flesh. For the rest, these Indians are so cowardly that they almost run at the sight of our soldiers, and frequently thousands of them have fled like women before a very few Spaniards, numbering less than a hundred….
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