The Following Questions Refer to the Excerpt Below

question 31

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The presence of explorers such as Verrazano and Cartier and of unknown numbers of anonymous fishermen and part-time traders had several effects on the native population.The Mi'kmaqs,Hurons,and other northeastern Indian groups approached the intruding Europeans in friendship,eager to trade and to learn more about the strangers.In part this response was a sign of natural curiosity,but it also reflected some serious changes taking place in the Native world of North America.Beginning in the mid-fourteenth century,the climate in North America underwent significant cooling.As the climate grew colder,both hunter-gatherers like the Mi'kmaqs and agriculturists like the Iroquois had to expand their subsistence territory,and in doing so they came into conflict with their neighbors.As warfare became more common,groups increasingly formed alliances for mutual defense-systems like the Iroquois League and Powhatan Confederacy."
Historian Christopher L.Miller,"The Americas to 1620"
-As a result of the contact described in this passage,

• A) Native life-spans increased with access to European medical technology.
• B) Native populations adopted the use of new kinds of crops and animals, altering their economic and social structure.
• C) Native cultures developed greater social diversification as they adopted the use of African slaves as laborers.
• D) Native ideas about gender roles, land use, and power, were altered significantly as they sought to assimilate with the Europeans.

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Definitions:

Conditioned Stimulus

A previously neutral stimulus that, after becoming associated with an unconditioned stimulus, now elicits a conditioned response.

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus, leading to learned responses.

Biological Needs

are the essential physiological requirements humans need to maintain life, such as food, water, shelter, and oxygen.

Timing

The selection, determination, or arrangement of specific times for events or actions.