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The residual is defined as the difference between the actual value and the estimated value
.
Deindustrialization
The transformation of an economy from one based on manufacturing to one based on services.
Structural Variables
Components of social, economic, or political structures that can affect outcomes in research or the understanding of societal phenomena, including factors like class, race, and gender.
Social Inequality
Exists when certain attributes affect a person’s access to socially valued resources.
Individual Attributes
The characteristics or qualities that define a person, such as physical features, personality traits, and abilities.
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